The Philippines under U.S. and Japanese imperial rule (1898–1946)

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US ‘wagged the dog’ in waging war vs RP
By Daniel B. Schirmer, [3 February 1999]. About U.S. President McKinley͇s war in the Philippines. The corporate elite that dominated the McKinley Administration fought the war to grab what they could of Spain's colonies. Opposition to that policy. The fight against Filippino nationalists. In Feb. 4 1899, the United States set out on a path of corporate imperialism which it has now followed for a 100 years.
Japan Court Rejects Philippine Sex Slave Case
By Elaine Lies, Reuters, Wednesday 6 December 2000. A Japanese court Wednesday rejected a lawsuit filed by nearly 50 aging Filipina women demanding cash compensation for being forced to work as sex slaves for the Japanese imperial army in the 1930s and 1940s.
A tribute to Dr. Jose P. Laurel
By Jovito R. Salonga. Excerpts from a speech at the Awards Convocation, Lyceum of the Philippines, 8 March 2000. The jurist, Dr. Jose P. Laurel, was made president of the new Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines, which was established on 14 October 1943. Author tries to defend Laurel from charges of collaborationism.
The Hukbalahaps
The Militant, 15 December 1945. The Hukbalahap were the largest and most powerful organization of Filipinos fighting against the Japanese, but were hated and feared by the American officials because they were communists.
Veterans of the guerilla war against Japan
By Vincent K Pollard, 13 November 2001. After Japan's attack, Filipino elites either left with U.S. General MacArthur or worked within what became the Japan-Sponsored Second Republic of the Philippines during 1943-1944. However a variety of anti-Japan guerrilla movements sprang up, some led by the leftwing Hukbo ng Magpagpalaya ng Bayan sa Hapon (Anti-Japanese National Liberation Army or Huks for short), others were members of the U.S. Forces in the Far East.