The working-class history of Europe as a whole
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  - German metal workers win shorter
    workweek—Victory has wide-ranging implications
  
        - By Jim Genova, People's Weekly World, 8
	  April 1995. One of the most significant labor victories thus 
	  far in 1995 is that of IG Metall, the German engineering and 
          metal workers union, which beat off an attempt by the 
          employers' association, Gesamtmetall, to delay implementation 
          of a 35-hour workweek with no reduction in pay.
 
  - Angered by PM's remark, French unions
    talk strikes
  
          - By Madelaine Drohan, Paris, The Globe and Mail, 
            22 May 1996. Labour answered Juppe's pledge to cut
	    ‘fat’ from civil service work force by
	    threatening to follow Germans and stage series of
	    walkouts. The labour unrest in France echoes what is
	    happening in Germany. The German government's attempt
	    to rein in spending has met with widespread resistance in
	    the labour movement.
  
  - European workers defend the welfare
    state
  
          - By William Pomeroy, People's Weekly
	    World, 26 October 1996. Trade unions across Europe
	    have pledged a 
hot autumn
 of strikes and
	    demonstrations for governments out to slash welfare state
	    spending and for employers taking advantage of such
	    policies to drive down workers' wages and
	    benefits.  
	    
  - Lessons from across the Sea
 
        - Editorial, Workers World, 19 December
	  1996. Strike wave in Europe in late 1996 shows that
	  organized labor can halt the capitalist offensive against
	  workers.
 
	  
  - British and German Unions Link
 
        - By Jon Hibbs, The Daily Telegraph, 4 March
	  1997. The GMB general union and IG Chemie.
  
  - European works councils: a progress
    report
  
         - By Jacky DeLorme, ICFTU OnLine..., 8
	   September 1998. European works councils are there to
	   counterbalance the ruthless might of the
	   multinationals. But now that the euphoria of the first
	   voluntary agreements has died down, the European trade
	   unions are trying to catch their second wind.
 
	  
  - European Union: Labour left
    co-ordination
  
          - International Viewpoint, 6 October
	    1998. European trade unionists convinced of the urgent
	    need for another, social Europe, have come together to
	    initiate a movement of reflection and initiative.