The history of female circumcision in Kenya

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Alternative Rite to Female Circumcision Spreading in Kenya
By Malik Stan Reaves, Africa News Service, November 1997. The new rite is known as Ntanira na Mugambo, or Circumcision Through Words, which is a week-long program of counseling, capped by community celebration and affirmation, in place of the widely criticized practice known as female genital mutilation (FGM).
Meru elders reject female cut
From The Nation (Nairobi), 30 March 1999. The Njuri Ncheke (tribal court) elders in Nyambene District have called for an alternative rite of passage to replace female circumcision.
Kenya's No-Win War Against Female Genital Mutilation
By Tervil Okoko, Panafrican News Agency, 12 October 2000. A kahii (an uncircumcised girl) lacks the wisdom to keep a family. Among most Kenyan ethnic communities, circumcision is an examination one must pass to become an adult. Members of the few communities, like the Luo of western Kenya, who do not have to be circumcised, are considered immature regardless of age.
Alternative Rite to Female Circumcision Spreading in Kenya
By Malik Stan Reaves, AllAfrica.com, 23 October 2000. Rural Kenyan families are turning to an alternative to the rite of female circumcision, known as Ntanira na Mugambo or Circumcision Through Words. It follows years of research and discussion with villagers by MYWO field workers with the close cooperation of the NGO, Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH).